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''Mir'' ((ロシア語:Мир), ; lit. ''Peace'' or ''World'') was a Soviet and later Russian space station, operational in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001. With a mass greater than that of any previous space station, ''Mir'' was the first of the non-monolithic, third generation of space stations, constructed from 1986 to 1996 with a modular design. The station was the largest artificial satellite orbiting the Earth until its deorbit on 21 March 2001, a record now surpassed by the International Space Station (ISS). ''Mir'' served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and spacecraft systems in order to develop technologies required for the permanent occupation of space. Following the success of the Salyut programme, ''Mir'' represented the next stage in the Soviet Union's space station programme. The first module of the station, known as the core module or base block, was launched in 1986, and was followed by six further modules (''Kvant''-1 (1987), ''Kvant''-2 (1989), ''Kristall'' (1990), ''Spektr'' (1995), the docking module (1995) and ''Priroda'' (1996)), all launched by Proton rockets (with the exception of the docking module). When complete, the station consisted of seven pressurised modules and several unpressurised components. Power was provided by several solar arrays mounted directly on the modules. The station was maintained at an orbit between and altitude and travelled at an average speed of 27,700 km/h (17,200 mph), completing 15.7 Earth orbits per day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/astronomy/planet_orbit )〕 Human spaceflights were vital to the operation of ''Mir'', allowing crews and equipment to be carried to and from the space station. ''Mir'' was visited by a total of 39 manned missions, comprising 30 Soyuz flights (1 Soyuz-T, 29 Soyuz-TM) and 9 Space Shuttle flights. These missions carried both long-duration crew members flying ''principal expeditions'' (ranging from 70 days up to Valeri Polyakov's 14 month stay beginning in January 1994, which still holds the record for the longest continuous spaceflight by a single person) and short-term visitors (who spent about a week aboard the station). Many of the crew who visited ''Mir'' used different spacecraft to launch than they did to land; the first such examples were Aleksandr Viktorenko and Muhammed Faris who flew up in Soyuz TM-3 (launched 22 July 1987) and landed a week later in Soyuz TM-2 on 30 July 1987. The largest crew aboard ''Mir'' simultaneously (not including Shuttle-''Mir'' missions) was 6, which first occurred with the launch of Soyuz TM-7 on 26 November 1988 and lasted for just over three weeks. In this list, unmanned visiting spacecraft are excluded (see List of unmanned spaceflights to Mir for details), and long-duration crew members are listed in bold. Times are given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). "Time docked" refers to the spacecraft and does not necessarily correspond to the crew. == See also == *Mir *List of Mir Expeditions *List of Mir visitors *List of Mir spacewalks *List of unmanned spaceflights to Mir *List of Progress flights *List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station *List of unmanned spaceflights to the International Space Station 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of human spaceflights to Mir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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